The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from infectious microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can cause illnesses, such as the common cold. One of the most common ways for such microorganisms, or germs, to enter a child’s body is through direct contact with an infected person as children are more likely to touch their eyes, nose, or mouth without washing their hands. Once in the body, the immune system initiates a response to eliminate the microorganisms and prevent infection.
During an immune response, white blood cells, called leukocytes, are released to attack the invading germs. The white blood cells create antibodies that latch onto and destroy the germs. It can take several days for the antibodies to form, and during this time, the infected child may experience symptoms such as congestion, cough, and fever. These are all signs that the immune system is working to fight the illness.
The small glands in a child’s neck, groin, armpits, and under the chin may also swell in response to the immune system fighting an infection. The glands, called lymph nodes, are part of the lymphatic system that carries white bloods cells throughout the body.
After the first exposure to bacteria, viruses, parasites, or other germs, the immune system can more easily recognize and defend against the disease. Parents can also help their children’s immune system work more efficiently by ensuring their child has:
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Nutritious foods – Children should eat a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, dairy, and healthy fats, and avoid processed foods and foods with added sugar.
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Adequate sleep – During sleep, the body replenishes vital immune cells. Parents can encourage healthy sleep by limiting screens at night and maintaining a regular bedtime routine and schedule.
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Plenty of exercise – Regular exercise can improve a child’s overall immune system and well-being. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that children between the ages of 6 and 17 engage in 60 minutes of activity per day. Activities can range from organized sports to playing on the playground.
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Low stress levels – Stress makes everyone less healthy and more prone to infections. Spending time together as a family and creating opportunities for children to talk about their concerns can lower anxiety. Techniques such as calm breathing and meditation can also help children cope with stressful situations.
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Vaccines – Immunizations train the immune system to make antibodies against harmful diseases that a child’s body may struggle to fight against. Having the pre-formed antibodies helps the immune system respond much faster when faced with germs and may prevent an infection. Parents should check with their child’s physician to confirm that their child’s vaccines are up to date.
The immune system is the second most complex system of the body and is constantly protecting children against infection and disease. For any questions about your child’s immune system, please contact your primary care physician.
This article originally appeared on The Columbus Dispatch: Active Fit: Boosting your child’s immune system to fight illness
